Leseliste &amp; Termine der Filmscreenings

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

Online Lesekreis WiSe 22/23: Was ist die Linke? — Was ist Marxismus?

Die historischen Wurzeln der Linken und des Marxismus liegen in den bürgerlichen Revolutionen des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts und deren Krise im 19. Jahrhundert. Der Lesekreis versucht diesen geschichtlichen Hintergrund durch die Lektüre von Texten von Marx und der radikalen bürgerlichen Philosophie der Aufklärung herauszuarbeiten. Durch Texte von Autoren wie Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Georg Lukács, Karl Korsch und Leszek Kołakowski versuchen wir, das Problem des politischen Bewusstseins der Linken im 20. Jahrhundert, das bis heute prägend bleibt, zu beleuchten.

Die Texte werden im Voraus gelesen und dann zusammen diskutiert. Der Einstieg ist jederzeit möglich und es werden keine Vorkenntnisse benötigt!

Zeit: Mittwochs, 19-22 Uhr

Ort: Zoom (Zugangscode: 585998)

Leseliste & Termine der Filmscreenings

● vorausgesetzte / + empfohlene Texte

19.10.22 | 1. Woche | Einführung: Das Kapital in der Geschichte

● Max Horkheimer: “Der kleine Mann und die Philosophie der Freiheit” (1926-1931)

● Epigraphe über moderne Geschichte und Freiheit von Louis Menand (über Marx und Engels), James Miller (über Jean-Jacques Rousseau), Karl Marx, über die „absolute Bewegung des Werdens“ (Aus den Grundrissen, 1857-58) und Peter Preuss (über Geschichte)

● Chris Cutrone: “Das Kapital in der Geschichte” (2008)

+ video of communist University 2011 London presentation

● Cutrone: “Die Marxistische Hypothese” (2010)

● Cutrone: “Klassenbewusstsein (aus einer marxistischen Perspektive) heute” (2012)

+ G.M. Tamas, "Telling the truth about class" [HTML] (2007)

+ Rainer Maria Rilke: “Archaischer Torso Apollos” (1908)

+ Robert Pippin “On Critical Theory” (2004)

26.10.22 | 2. Woche | I. 1960er Neue Linke: Neo-Marxismus

● Martin Nicolaus: “Der unbekannte Marx” (1968)

● Theodor W. Adorno: “Spätkapitalismus oder Industriegesellschaft?“ (1968) [AUDIO]

● Moishe Postone: “Necessity, Labor and, Time” (1978)

+ Postone: “Marx after Marxism” [Interview] (2008)

+ Postone: “Geschichte und Ohnmacht: Massenmobilisierung und aktuelle Formen des Antikapitalismus” (2006)

+ Postone: “Theorien der heutigen Welt: Robert Brenner, Giovanni Arrighi, David Harvey” (2006)

Sonntag, 30.10.22 | Filmscreening: Arguing the World (1998)

Wir schauen uns gemeinsam das dokumentarische Porträt der New York Intellectuals Irving Kristol, Irving Howe, Daniel Bell und Nathan Glazer an & besprechen dieses im Anschluss.

>> Hierfür treffen wir uns um 19 Uhr via Zoom [Meeting-ID: 846 9417 1981 Kenncode: 567309].

02.11.22 | 3. Woche | II. 1960er Neue Linke: Geschlecht und Sexualität

The situation of women is different from that of any other social group. This is because they are not one of a number of isolable units, but half a totality: the human species. Women are essential and irreplaceable; they cannot therefore be exploited in the same way as other social groups can. They are fundamental to the human condition, yet in their economic, social and political roles, they are marginal. It is precisely this combination — fundamental and marginal at one and the same time — that has been fatal to them.

-- Juliet Mitchell, "Women: The Longest Revolution" (1966)

● Juliet Mitchell: “Women: The longest Revolution” (1966)

● Clara Zetkin: Auszug aus "Erinnerungen an Lenin" (1925)

● Adorno: “Sexualtabu und Recht heute” (1963)

● John D’Emilio: “Capitalism and gay identity” (1983)

Sonntag, 06.11.22 | Filmscreening: Was war Links? I.

Wir schauen uns gemeinsam den ersten ("Protest und Theorie") und zweiten ("Dutschke und Konsorten") Teil der Dokumentationsreihe zur Neuen Linken an & besprechen diese im Anschluss.

>> Hierfür treffen wir uns um 19 Uhr via Zoom [Meeting-ID: 846 9417 1981 Kenncode: 567309].

09.11.22 | 4. Woche | III. 1960er Neue Linke: Anti-Schwarzer Rassismus in den USA

As a social party we receive the Negro and all other races upon absolutely equal terms. We are the party of the working class, the whole working class, and we will not suffer ourselves to be divided by any specious appeal to race prejudice; and if we should be coaxed or driven from the straight road we will be lost in the wilderness and ought to perish there, for we shall no longer be a Socialist party.

-- Eugene Debs, "The Negro In the Class Struggle" (1903)

+ Eugene Debs: “The Negro in the class struggle” (1903)

+ Debs: “The Negro and his nemesis” (1904)

● Richard Fraser: “Two lectures on the black question in America and revolutionary integrationism” (1953)

+ Fraser: “For the materialist conception of the Negro Struggle”

● James Robertson and Shirley Stoute: “For black Trotskyism” (1963)

+ Spartacist League: “Black and red: Class struggle road to Negro freedom” (1966)

+ Bayard Rustin: “The failure of black separatism” (1970)

● Adolph Reed: “Black particularity reconsidered” (1979)

+ Reed: “Paths to Critical Theory” (1984)

Sonntag, 13.11.22 | Filmscreening: Was war Links? II.

Wir schauen uns gemeinsam den dritten ("Lärm und Gewalt") und vierten ("Kunst und Klassenkampf") Teil der Dokumentationsreihe zur Neuen Linken an & besprechen diese im Anschluss.

>> Hierfür treffen wir uns um 19 Uhr via Zoom [Meeting-ID: 846 9417 1981 Kenncode: 567309].

16.11.22 | 5. Woche | I. Bürgerlich-Radikale Philosophie: Rousseau – Gesellschaft am Scheideweg

Die ganze Genialität Marx’ besteht gerade darin, daß er auf die Fragen Antworten gegeben hat, die das fortgeschrittene Denken der Menschheit bereits gestellt hatte. Seine Lehre entstand als direkte und unmittelbare Fortsetzung der Lehren der größten Vertreter der Philosophie, der politischen Ökonomie und des Sozialismus. [...] Sie ist die rechtmäßige Erbin des Besten, was die Menschheit im 19. Jahrhundert in Gestalt der deutschen Philosophie, der englischen Ökonomie und des französischen Sozialismus hervorgebracht hat.

-- Wladimir Lenin, Drei Quellen und drei Bestandteile des Marxismus (1913)

Radikal sein ist die Sache an der Wurzel fassen. Die Wurzel für den Menschen ist aber der Mensch selbst.

-- Karl Marx: “Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie” (1843-44)

Wer den Mut besitzt, einem Volke Einrichtungen zu geben, muß sich imstande fühlen, gleichsam die menschliche Natur umzuwandeln, jedes Individuum, das für sich ein vollendetes und einzeln bestehendes Ganze ist, zu einem Teile eines größeren Ganzen umzuschaffen, aus dem dieses Individuum gewissermaßen erst Leben und Wesen erhält; die Beschaffenheit des Menschen zu seiner eigenen Kräftigung zu verändern und an die Stelle des leiblichen und unabhängigen Daseins, das wir alle von der Natur empfangen haben, ein nur teilweises und geistiges Dasein zu setzen. Kurz, er muß dem Menschen die ihm eigentümlichen Kräfte nehmen, um ihn mit anderen auszustatten, die seiner Natur fremd sind und die er ohne den Beistand anderer nicht zu benutzen versteht.

-- Jean-Jacques Rousseau: “Der Gesellschaftsvertrag” (1762)

● Jean-Jacques Rousseau: „Abhandlung über den Ursprung und die Grundlagen der Ungleichheit unter den Menschen“ (1754)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

● Rousseau, Auszüge aus: „Der Gesellschaftsvertrag“ (1762)

+ Max Horkheimer: “Der kleine Mann und die Philosophie der Freiheit” (1926–31)

+ Epigraphe über moderne Geschichte und Freiheit von Louis Menand (über Marx und Engels), James Miller (über Jean-Jacques Rousseau), Karl Marx, über das „Werden“ (Aus den Grundrissen, 1857-58) und Peter Preuss (über Geschichte)

+ Rainer Maria Rilke: “Archaischer Torso Apollos” (1908)

+ Robert Pippin “On Critical Theory” (2004)

23.11.22 | 6. Woche | II. Bürgerlich-Radikale Philosophie: Adam Smith (Teil 1)

● Adam Smith, Auszüge aus: Der Wohlstand der Nationen (Buch 1 und 3) (1776)

30.11.22 | 7. Woche | III. Bürgerlich-Radikale Philosophie: Adam Smith (Teil 2)

● Smith, Auszüge aus: Der Wohlstand der Nationen (Buch 4 und 5) (1776)

07.12.22 | 8. Woche | IV. Bürgerlich-Radikale Philosophie: Was ist der Dritte Stand?

● Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès: „Was ist der Dritte Stand?“ [Auszug] (1789)

+ Bernard Mandeville: "The Fable of the Bees" (1732)

14.12.22 | 9. Woche | V. Bürgerlich-Radikale Philosophie: Kant und Constant – Bürgerliche Gesellschaft

● Immanuel Kant: „Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht” und „Was ist Aufklärung?” (1784)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

+ Kant's 3 Critiques [PNG] and philosophy [PNG] charts of terms

● Benjamin Constant: „Von der Freiheit des Altertums, verglichen mit der Freiheit der Gegenwart” (1819)

+ Jean-Jacques Rousseau: „Abhandlung über den Ursprung und die Grundlagen der Ungleichheit unter den Menschen“ (1754)

+ Rousseau, Auszüge aus: „Der Gesellschaftsvertrag“ (1762)

18.12.22 | Filmscreening: Jefferson in Paris (1995)

Im Rahmen unserer Lesekreissitzungen zur radikal-bürgerlichen Philosophie schauen wir gemeinsam das Filmdrama Jefferson in Paris und besprechen dieses im Anschluss. Alle Interessierten sind herzlich eingeladen!

1784–89: Wenige Jahre nach der Unabhängigkeitserklärung der USA und kurz vor dem Ausbruch der französischen Revolution wird Thomas Jefferson als US-Botschafter nach Frankreich gesandt. Er soll die Beziehung zum französischen König erhalten, sieht sich aber auf der Seite des revolutionären dritten Standes gegen die alte Ordnung. So wird er, seine Lehren aus der amerikanischen Revolution ziehend, an der Formulierung der Deklaration der Bürger- und Menschenrechte teilnehmen und über das Scheitern der Abschaffung von Sklaverei in den USA reflektieren. Dazu zeigt der Film die Beziehung Jeffersons zu seiner ehemaligen Sklavin und viele historische Details aus den letzten Tagen des Ancién Regime in Frankreich.

Hierfür treffen wir uns um 19 Uhr via Zoom (Meeting-ID: 834 5802 6394, Kenncode: 234563).

21.12.22 | 10. Woche | VI. Bürgerlich-Radikale Philosophie: Hegel – Freiheit in der Geschichte

● G.W.F. Hegel, Einleitung aus: Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Geschichte (1831)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

Hintergrundlektüre für die Weihnachtspause

+ Richard Appignanesi and Oscar Zarate / A&Z: Lenin für Anfänger (1977)

+ Sebastian Haffner: „Die deutsche Revolution 1918/19“ (1968)

+ Edmund Wilson: „To the Finland Station: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History“ (1940), Part II. Ch. (1–4,) 5–10, 12–16; Part III. Ch. 1–6

+ Tariq Ali and Phil Evans: „Trotzki für Anfänger“ (1980)

+ James Joll: „The Second International 1889–1914“ (1966)

11.01.23 | 11. Woche | Was ist die Linke?: Utopie und Kritik

● Max Horkheimer, Auszüge aus: Dämmerung (1926–31)

● Theodor W. Adorno: „Ausschweifung” (1944–47)

● Leszek Kolakowski: „Der Sinn des Begriffes ‘Linke’” (1958)

● Herbert Marcuse: "Note on dialectic" (1960)

● Karl Marx, Auszüge aus seiner Doktordissertation (1839–41)

● Marx, Brief an Arnold Ruge (September 1843)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

18.01.23 | 12. Woche | I. Was ist Marxismus?: Sozialismus

● Marx, Auszüge aus Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte (1844)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

● Marx und Friedrich Engels: Auszüge aus dem „Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei“ (1848)

● Marx: Die kommende Schlacht (Auszug aus Das Elend der Philosophie, 1847)

25.01.23 |13. Woche | II. Was ist Marxismus?: Die Revolution von 1848

● Marx: “Ansprache der Zentralbehörde an den Bund vom März 1850“ und Klassenkampf und Produktionsweise (Brief an Weydemeyer, 1852)

● Engels Zur Taktik der Sozialdemokratie (Engels' Einleitung von 1895 zu Marx, Die Klassenkämpfe in Frankreich 1848 bis 1850)

● Marx, Auszüge aus Die Klassenkämpfe in Frankreich 1848 bis 1850 (1850)

● Marx, Auszüge aus: Der achtzehnte Brumaire des Louis Napoleon (1852)

01.02.23 |14. Woche | III. Was ist Marxismus?: Bonapartismus

+ Karl Korsch: „Der Marxismus der Ersten Internationale“ (1924)

● Marx: „Inauguraladresse der Internationalen Arbeiter-Assoziation“ (1864)

● Marx, Auszug aus: Der Bürgerkrieg in Frankreich (1871) inklusive Engels' Einleitung von 1891

+ Korsch: „Einleitung zu Marx’ Kritik des Gothaer Programms“ (1922)

● Marx: „Kritik des Gothaer Programms“ (1875)

● Marx, Einleitung zum Programm der französischen Arbeiterpartei

08.02.23 |15. Woche | IV. Was ist Marxismus?: Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie

Der Fetischcharakter der Ware ist keine Tatsache des Bewußtseins sondern dialektisch in dem emminenten Sinne, daß er Bewußtsein produziert. […] [D]ie Vollendung des Warencharakters in einem Hegelschen Selbstbewußtsein [inauguriert] die Sprengung der Phantasmagorie [...].

-- Theodor W. Adorno, in einem Brief an Walter Benjamin, 2.-4. August 1935

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

● Marx, Auszüge aus: Grundrisse (1857-1858)

● Marx: "Der Fetischcharakter der Ware und sein Geheimnis", aus: Das Kapital Bd. I (1867)

15.02.23 |16. Woche | V. Was ist Marxismus?: Verdinglichung

● Georg Lukács, Das Phänomen der Verdinglichung (Teil I des Kapitels „Die Verdinglichung und das Bewusstsein des Proletariats“, in: Geschichte und Klassenbewusstsein, 1923)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

22.02.23 |17. Woche | VI. Was ist Marxismus?: Klassenbewusstsein

● Lukács, Auszüge aus Geschichte und Klassenbewusstsein (1923): "Vorwort" (1922), "Klassenbewusstsein" (1920), "Was ist orthodoxer Marxismus?"(1919)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

+ Marcuse: “Note on dialectic” (1960)

+ Marx, Vorwort zur ersten (1867) und Nachwort zur zweiten Auflage (1873) von Das Kapital Bd. 1 (1867)

01.03.23 |18. Woche | VII. Was ist Marxismus?: Das Telos der Philosophie

● Karl Korsch: „Marxismus und Philosophie” (1923)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

+ Marcuse: “Note on dialectic” (1960)

+ Karl Marx, Auszüge aus seiner Doktordissertation (1839–41)

+ Marx, Brief an Arnold Ruge (September 1843)

+ Marx „Thesen über Feuerbach“ (1845)

08.03.23 |19. Woche | Vorläufer der Frankfurter Schule

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

● Wilhelm Reich: “Ideologie als materielle Gewalt”, aus: Massenpsychologie und Faschismus (1933)

● Siegfried Kracauer: “Das Ornament der Masse” (1927)

+ Kracauer: “Die Photographie” (1927)

Empfohlene Hintergrundlektüre für die zweite Hälfte (SoSe ‘23) des Lesekreis’ “Was ist revolutionärer Marxismus?”

+ Leszek Kolakowski: „Der Sinn des Begriffes ‘Linke’” (1968)

+ Richard Appignanesi and Oscar Zarate / A&Z: “Lenin für Anfänger” (1977)

+ Sebastian Haffner: “Die deutsche Revolution 1918/19” (1968)

+ Edmund Wilson: „To the Finland Station: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History“ (1940), Part II. Ch. (1–4,) 5–10, 12–16; Part III. Ch. 1–6

+ Tariq Ali and Phil Evans: „Trotzki für Anfänger“ (1980)

+ James Joll: „The Second International 1889–1914“ (1966)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

Platypus Manchester: Primary IN-PERSON & ONLINE Marxist reading group and IN-PERSON Pub Socials (Summer–Winter 2022)

Coffee breaks: weekly informal discussion

For in-person conversation, please join our coffee breaks on Fridays at 5pm at Corridor Cafe at the University of Manchester Students' Union on Oxford Road.

Our weekly coffee breaks are a great way to meet and get to get to know the Platypus project. It’s an opportunity to discuss issues raised in the latest issue of the Platypus Review, consider the state of the Left, and just hang out with people who have similar political interests.

Please invite your friends!

Reading Group: New Left; Frankfurt School Precursors; Radical bourgeois philosophy; What is the Left?; What is Marxism?

NOW IN-PERSON ONCE AGAIN!

Tuesdays at 6–8pm in Room A114, Samuel Alexander Building, University of Manchester, off Oxford Road.

Tuesdays at 6–8pm on Zoom.

Everybody welcome! No prior experience required.

For updates and events, like our Facebook page!

• required / + recommended reading

Marx and Engels readings pp. from Robert C. Tucker, ed., Marx-Engels Reader (Norton 2nd ed., 1978)

Week A. Introduction: Capital in history | Aug. 2, 2022

• Max Horkheimer, "The little man and the philosophy of freedom" (1926–31)

• epigraphs on modern history and freedom by Louis Menand (on Marx and Engels), Karl Marx, on "becoming" (from the Grundrisse, 1857–58), and Peter Preuss (on history)

• Chris Cutrone, "Capital in history" (2008)

+ video of Communist University 2011 London presentation

• Cutrone, "The Marxist hypothesis" (2010)

• Cutrone, “Class consciousness (from a Marxist perspective) today” (2012)

+ G.M. Tamas, "Telling the truth about class" [HTML] (2007)

+ Robert Pippin, "On Critical Theory" (2004)

+ Rainer Maria Rilke, "Archaic Torso of Apollo" (1908)

Week B. 1960s New Left I. Neo-Marxism | Aug. 9, 2022

• Martin Nicolaus, “The unknown Marx” (1968)

• Theodor W. Adorno, “Late Capitalism or Industrial Society?” (AKA “Is Marx Obsolete?”) (1968)

• Moishe Postone, “Necessity, labor, and time” (1978)

+ Postone, “Interview: Marx after Marxism” (2008)

+ Postone, “History and helplessness: Mass mobilization and contemporary forms of anticapitalism” (2006)

+ Postone, “Theorizing the contemporary world: Brenner, Arrighi, Harvey” (2006)

Week C. 1960s New Left II: Gender and sexuality | Aug. 16, 2022

The situation of women is different from that of any other social group. This is because they are not one of a number of isolable units, but half a totality: the human species. Women are essential and irreplaceable; they cannot therefore be exploited in the same way as other social groups can. They are fundamental to the human condition, yet in their economic, social and political roles, they are marginal. It is precisely this combination — fundamental and marginal at one and the same time — that has been fatal to them.
— Juliet Mitchell, "Women: The longest revolution" (1966)

+ Freud categories chart of terms [PNG]

• Juliet Mitchell, “Women: The longest revolution” (1966)

• Clara Zetkin and Vladimir Lenin, “An interview on the woman question” (1920)

• Theodor W. Adorno, “Sexual taboos and the law today” (1963)

• John D’Emilio, “Capitalism and gay identity” (1983)

Week D. 1960s New Left III. Anti-black racism in the U.S. | Aug. 23, 2022

As a social party we receive the Negro and all other races upon absolutely equal terms. We are the party of the working class, the whole working class, and we will not suffer ourselves to be divided by any specious appeal to race prejudice; and if we should be coaxed or driven from the straight road we will be lost in the wilderness and ought to perish there, for we shall no longer be a Socialist party.
— Eugene Debs, "The Negro in the class struggle" (1903)

+ Eugene Debs, "The Negro in the class struggle" (1903)

+ Debs, "The Negro and his nemesis" (1904)

• Richard Fraser, “Two lectures on the black question in America and revolutionary integrationism” (1953)

+ Fraser, "For the materialist conception of the Negro struggle" (1955)

• James Robertson and Shirley Stoute, “For black Trotskyism” (1963)

+ Spartacist League, “Black and red: Class struggle road to Negro freedom” (1966)

+ Bayard Rustin, “The failure of black separatism” (1970)

• Adolph Reed, “Black particularity reconsidered” (1979)

+ Reed, “Paths to Critical Theory” (1984)

Week E. Frankfurt School precursors | Aug. 30, 2022

+ Freud categories chart of terms [PNG]

• Wilhelm Reich, “Ideology as material power” (1933/46)

• Siegfried Kracauer, “The mass ornament” (1927)

+ Kracauer, “Photography” (1927)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

Week F. Radical bourgeois philosophy I. Rousseau: Crossroads of society | Sep. 6, 2022

To be radical is to go to the root of the matter. For man, however, the root is man himself.
— Marx, Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right (1843)

Whoever dares undertake to establish a people’s institutions must feel himself capable of changing, as it were, human nature, of transforming each individual, who by himself is a complete and solitary whole, into a part of a larger whole, from which, in a sense, the individual receives his life and his being, of substituting a limited and mental existence for the physical and independent existence. He has to take from man his own powers, and give him in exchange alien powers which he cannot employ without the help of other men.
— Jean-Jacques Rousseau, On the Social Contract (1762)

• Max Horkheimer, "The little man and the philosophy of freedom" (1926–31)

• epigraphs on modern history and freedom by James Miller (on Jean-Jacques Rousseau), Louis Menand (on Marx and Engels), Karl Marx, on "becoming" (from the Grundrisse, 1857–58), and Peter Preuss (on history)

+ Rainer Maria Rilke, "Archaic Torso of Apollo" (1908)

+ Robert Pippin, "On Critical Theory" (2004)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (1754) PDFs of preferred translation (5 parts): [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

• Rousseau, selection from On the Social Contract (1762) [on freedom and alienation]

Week G. Radical bourgeois philosophy II. Adam Smith: On the wealth of nations (part 1) | Sep. 13, 2022

• Adam Smith, selections from The Wealth of Nations

Volume I [PDF]
Introduction and Plan of the Work
Book I: Of the Causes of Improvement…
I.1. Of the Division of Labor
I.2. Of the Principle which gives Occasion to the Division of Labour
I.3. That the Division of Labour is Limited by the Extent of the Market
I.4. Of the Origin and Use of Money
I.5 Of the Real and Nominal Price of Commodities
I.6. Of the Component Parts of the Price of Commodities
I.7. Of the Natural and Market Price of Commodities
I.8. Of the Wages of Labour
I.9. Of the Profits of Stock
Book III: Of the different Progress of Opulence in different Nations
III.1. Of the Natural Progress of Opulence
III.2. Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the Ancient State of Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire
III.3. Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns, after the Fall of the Roman Empire
III.4. How the Commerce of the Towns Contributed to the Improvement of the Country

Week H. Radical bourgeois philosophy III. Adam Smith: On the wealth of nations (part 2) | Sep. 20, 2022

• Smith, selections from The Wealth of Nations

Volume II [PDF]
IV.7, Of Colonies
V.1. Of the Expences of the Sovereign or Commonwealth Article 2d and 3d and Part IV

Week I. Radical bourgeois philosophy IV. What is the Third Estate? | Sep. 27, 2022

• Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, What is the Third Estate? (1789) [full text]

+ Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees (1732)

Week J. Radical bourgeois philosophy V. Kant and Constant: Bourgeois society | Oct. 4, 2022

• Immanuel Kant, "Idea for a universal history from a cosmopolitan point of view" and "What is Enlightenment?" (1784)

+ Kant's 3 Critiques [PNG] and philosophy [PNG] charts of terms

• Benjamin Constant, "The liberty of the ancients compared with that of the moderns" (1819)

+ Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the origin of inequality (1754)

+ Rousseau, selection from On the social contract (1762)

Week K. Radical bourgeois philosophy VI. Hegel: Freedom in history | Oct. 11, 2022

When we look at this drama of human passions, and observe the consequences of their violence and of the unreason that is linked not only to them but also (and especially) to good intentions and rightful aims; when we see arising from them all the evil, the wickedness, the decline of the most flourishing nations mankind has produced, we can only be filled with grief for all that has come to nothing. And since this decline and fall is not merely the work of nature but of the will of men, we might well end with moral outrage over such a drama, and with a revolt of our good spirit (if there is a spirit of goodness in us). Without rhetorical exaggeration, we could paint the most fearful picture of the misfortunes suffered by the noblest of nations and states as well as by private virtues — and with that picture we could arouse feelings of the deepest and most helpless sadness, not to be outweighed by any consoling outcome. We can strengthen ourselves against this, or escape it, only by thinking that, well, so it was at one time; it is fate; there is nothing to be done about it now. And finally — in order to cast off the tediousness that this reflection of sadness could produce in us and to return to involvement in our own life, to the present of our own aims and interests — we return to the selfishness of standing on a quiet shore where we can be secure in enjoying the distant sight of confusion and wreckage… But as we contemplate history as this slaughter-bench, upon which the happiness of nations, the wisdom of states, and the virtues of individuals were sacrificed, the question necessarily comes to mind: What was the ultimate goal for which these monstrous sacrifices were made?… World history is the progress in the consciousness of freedom — a progress that we must come to know in its necessity… The Orientals knew only that one person is free; the Greeks and Romans that some are free; while we [moderns] know that all humans are implicitly free, qua human… The final goal of the world, we said, is Spirit’s consciousness of its freedom, and hence also the actualization of that very freedom… It is this final goal — freedom — toward which all the world’s history has been working. It is this goal to which all the sacrifices have been brought upon the broad altar of the earth in the long flow of time.
— Hegel, Introduction to the Philosophy of History

• G.W.F. Hegel, Introduction to the Philosophy of History (1831) [HTML] [PDF pp. 14-128] [Audiobook]

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

Week 1. What is the Left? I. Capital in history | Oct. 18, 2022

• Max Horkheimer, "The little man and the philosophy of freedom" (1926–31)

• epigraphs on modern history and freedom by Louis Menand (on Marx and Engels), Karl Marx, on "becoming" (from the Grundrisse, 1857–58), and Peter Preuss (on history)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) chart of terms

• Chris Cutrone, "Capital in history" (2008)

+ video of Communist University 2011 London presentation

• Cutrone, "The Marxist hypothesis" (2010)

• Cutrone, “Class consciousness (from a Marxist perspective) today” (2012)

+ G.M. Tamas, "Telling the truth about class" [HTML] (2007)

+ Robert Pippin, "On Critical Theory" (2004)

+ Rainer Maria Rilke, "Archaic Torso of Apollo" (1908)

Week 2. What is the Left? II. Utopia and critique | Oct. 25, 2022

• Max Horkheimer, selections from Dämmerung (1926–31)

• Adorno, “Imaginative Excesses” (1944–47)

• Leszek Kolakowski, “The concept of the Left” (1958)

• Herbert Marcuse, "Note on dialectic" (1960)

• Marx, To make the world philosophical (from Marx's dissertation, 1839–41), pp. 9–11

• Marx, For the ruthless criticism of everything existing (letter to Arnold Ruge, September 1843), pp. 12–15

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

Week 3. What is Marxism? I. Socialism | Nov. 1, 2022

• Marx, selections from Economic and philosophic manuscripts (1844), pp. 70–101

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

• Marx and Friedrich Engels, selections from the Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848), pp. 469–500

• Marx, The coming upheaval (from The Poverty of Philosophy, 1847), pp. 218–19

Week 4. What is Marxism? II. Revolution in 1848 | Nov. 8, 2022

• Marx, Address to the Central Committee of the Communist League (1850), pp. 501–511 and Class struggle and mode of production (letter to Weydemeyer, 1852), pp. 218–220

• Engels, The tactics of social democracy (Engels's 1895 introduction to Marx, The Class Struggles in France), pp. 556–573

• Marx, selections from The Class Struggles in France 1848–50 (1850), pp. 586–593

• Marx, selections from The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852), pp. 594–617

Week 5. What is Marxism? III. Bonapartism | Nov. 15, 2022

+ Karl Korsch, "The Marxism of the First International" (1924)

• Marx, Inaugural address to the First International (1864), pp. 512–519

• Marx, selections from The Civil War in France (1871, including Engels's 1891 Introduction), pp. 618–652

+ Korsch, Introduction to Marx, Critique of the Gotha Programme (1922)

• Marx, Critique of the Gotha Programme, pp. 525–541

• Marx, Programme of the Parti Ouvrier (1880)

Week 6. What is Marxism? IV. Critique of political economy | Nov. 22, 2022

The fetish character of the commodity is not a fact of consciousness; rather it is dialectical, in the eminent sense that it produces consciousness... [P]erfection of the commodity character in a Hegelian self-consciousness inaugurates the explosion of its phantasmagoria.
— Theodor W. Adorno, letter to Walter Benjamin, August 2, 1935

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

• Marx, selections from the Grundrisse (1857–61), pp. 222–226, 236–244, 247–250, 276–293 ME Reader pp. 276–281

• Marx, Capital Vol. I, Ch. 1 Sec. 4 "The fetishism of commodities" (1867), pp. 319–329

Week 7. What is Marxism? V. Reification | Nov. 29, 2022

• Georg Lukács, “The phenomenon of reification” (Part I of “Reification and the consciousness of the proletariat,” History and Class Consciousness, 1923)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

Week 8. What is Marxism? VI. Class consciousness | Dec. 6, 2022

• Lukács, “Class Consciousness” (1920), Original Preface (1922), “What is Orthodox Marxism?” (1919), History and Class Consciousness (1923)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

+ Herbert Marcuse, "Note on dialectic" (1960)

+ Marx, Preface to the First German Edition and Afterword to the Second German Edition (1873) of Capital (1867), pp. 294–298, 299–302

Week 9. What is Marxism? VII. Ends of philosophy | Dec. 13, 2022

• Korsch, “Marxism and philosophy” (1923)

+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms

+ Herbert Marcuse, "Note on dialectic" (1960)
+ Marx, To make the world philosophical (from Marx's dissertation, 1839–41), pp. 9–11

+ Marx, For the ruthless criticism of everything existing (letter to Arnold Ruge, September 1843), pp. 12–15

+ Marx, "Theses on Feuerbach" (1845), pp. 143–145

Winter break readings

+ Richard Appignanesi and Oscar Zarate / A&Z, Introducing Lenin and the Russian Revolution / Lenin for Beginners (1977)

+ Sebastian Haffner, Failure of a Revolution: Germany 1918–19 (1968)

+ Tariq Ali and Phil Evans, Introducing Trotsky and Marxism / Trotsky for Beginners (1980)

+ James Joll, The Second International 1889–1914 (1966)

+ Carl Schorske, The SPD 1905-17: The Development of the Great Schism (1955)

+ J.P. Nettl, Rosa Luxemburg (1966) [Vol. 1] [Vol. 2]

+ Edmund Wilson, To the Finland Station: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History (1940), Part II. Ch. (1–4,) 5–10, 12–16; Part III. Ch. 1–6

Manchester (UK) Summer 2022 AT-LARGE Reading Group: What is society?

“Society is a reality sui generis; it has its own characteristics that are either not found in the rest of the universe or are not found there in the same form." "Society is a sui generis being with its own special nature, distinct from that of its members, and a personality of its own different from individual personalities." — Emile Durkheim

London Summer 2022: What is society?

Opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics, 2008.

“Society is a reality sui generis; it has its own characteristics that are either not found in the rest of the universe or are not found there in the same form."
"Society is a sui generis being with its own special nature, distinct from that of its members, and a personality of its own different from individual personalities."
-- Emile Durkheim

Fridays 6:30-8:30pm at the May Day Rooms in the "Reading Room"

88 Fleet Street, London, EC4Y 1DH

Join London Platypus or follow Platypus LSESU or Platypus at UCL on facebook for updates.

All welcome & no prior knowledge required.

( • required / + recommended readings)

Required background reading:
• Chris Cutrone, "Back to Herbert Spencer! Industrial vs. militant society" (2016)

Recommended supplemental parallel reading:
+ Adorno, "Static and Dynamic as Sociological Categories" (1961)
+ Adorno, Introduction to Sociology 1962 lectures
+ Adorno, Philosophical Elements of a Theory of Society 1964 lectures
+ Adorno, Philosophy and Sociology 1960 lectures

Preliminary readings:
• Adorno, “Society” (1965)
• Benjamin Constant, "The liberty of the ancients compared with that of the moderns" (1819)

Charts of terms:
+ Capital in history timeline and chart of terms
+ Being and becoming (freedom in transformation) / immanent dialectical critique chart of terms
+ Capitalist contradiction chart of terms
+ Commodity form chart of terms
+ Reification chart of terms

Week 1: June 10, 2022

• Gillian Rose, Hegel Contra Sociology (1981/95) selections: Preface for 1995 reprint, 1. The Antinomies of Sociological Reason, 7. With What Must the Science End?

Week 2: June 17, 2022

• epigraphs on modern history and freedom by Louis Menand (on Marx and Engels), Karl Marx, on "becoming" (from the Grundrisse, 1857–58)
• Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905) selections: Author's Introduction, Part I Chapters 1-3, Part II (+ Chapter 4,) Chapter 5

Week 3: June 24, 2022

• Auguste Comte, Introduction to Positive Philosophy (1830-42) I. The nature and importance of the positive philosophy; The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte vol. III Bk. VI. Social Physics pp. 1-11, 199-216, 277-344; A General View of Positivism Ch. II. The Social Aspect of Positivism pp. 63-78, Ch. VI. The Religion of Humanity pp. 340-426

Week 4: July 1, 2022

+ Chris Cutrone, "Back to Herbert Spencer! Industrial vs. militant society" (2016) [audio]
• Herbert Spencer, Principles of Sociology Vol. I Part I The Data of Sociology Ch. I-IV pp. 3-40 and Part II The Inductions of Sociology Ch. I-II pp. 447-462; On Social Evolution (Univ. Chicago selections): IV 15–16 Societal Typologies, Militancy and Industrialism and V 18–19 Ceremonial and Political Institutions; The Man Versus the State VI The Great Political Superstition

Week 5: July 8, 2022

• Emile Durkheim, Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912) Introduction

• Durkheim, On Morality and Society (1890), selections Chapter 3. "The principles of 1789 and sociology", and part V. Social Creativity, Chapters 11-12

Week 6: July 15, 2022

• Émile Durkheim, Author's Preface to 1st Edition and Introduction (pp.xxv-xxx and 1-10) in The Division of Labor in Society (1893)

• Durkheim, selections from On Morality and Society (1898): Chapter 4. "Individualism and the intellectuals" (1898), Chapter 6. "Progressive preponderance of organic solidarity", and Chapter 10. "The dualism of human nature and its social conditions" (1914)

BREAK - no reading group - on July 22, 2022

Week 7: July 29, 2022

• Durkheim, The Division of Labor in Society (1893) selections IV. The Evolution of Morality Chapters 7-9, in On Morality and Society; Preface to the 2nd Edition (pp. xxxi-lix)

Week 8: August 5, 2022

Taking place at Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese (145 Fleet St, London EC4A 2BP) which is a short walk from the MayDay Rooms.

Message us on facebook or WhatsApp if you can't find us.

Readings:

• Frankfurt School, Aspects of Sociology (1956) selections: Preface by Horkheimer and Adorno, Chapters I-VI, XII
• Adorno, “Society” (1965)
+ Adorno, "Static and Dynamic as Sociological Categories" (1961)